A "short putt" describes a putt in golf that is generally between 3 and 8 feet. It is longer than a tap-in, but still makeable for most golfers.
A punch shot is a partial, low golf shot that helps a golfer escape from trouble scenarios like being under or behind a group of trees.
The "bunker", otherwise known as the "sand trap" is typically found around the green. Typically, you'll hit bunker shots with a sand wedge or lob wedge.
A golfer's alignment describes how their feet, hips, shoulders, and club face are aimed relative to the target.
Aggregate score is the cumulative score a golfer holds over multiple rounds and is most common in golf tournament scoring.
A humorous term for erratic play in which a golfer alternates between hitting left and right, similar to how one might march in the army (left, right).
When a match is "all square", that means that two golfers are tied.
This term is usually about longer putters that "anchor" against the body for stability, which is not legal in professional golf anymore.
An amateur golfer is anyone who does not earn money from competing in golf tournaments.
Aeration is the process of "punching" little holes in putting greens to help them stay healthy and grow.