Every golf course keeps track of its course record, generally from the championship tees. This is the lowest documented score ever on the course.
Marked with white stakes, out-of-bounds areas on the course require the golfer to re-hit and add 2 penalty strokes to their score.
A penalty stroke is when a golfer gets penalized for hitting a bad shot or committing a rules infraction and must add 1 or more strokes to their score.
A double bogey is when a golfer makes a score of two over the designated par for the hole.
A hole-in-one, also known as an "ace" is when you hit a shot from the tee box and make it in the hole.
Similar to course rating, the slope rating is an approximation of how difficult a course will play for a high handicapper, or "bogey golfer".
In golf, the "course rating" is a term related to golf handicaps and describes how difficult a golf course is relative to other courses.
Based on the score a golfer shoots and the assigned difficulty rating of the golf course they played, they will get a "handicap".
An eagle is when a golfer makes a score that is two shots under the designated par for the hole. An eagle is most common on par 5 holes.
Aggregate score is the cumulative score a golfer holds over multiple rounds and is most common in golf tournament scoring.